diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d7932f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "name": "rcore-tutorial-v3",
+  "build": {
+    "dockerfile": "../Dockerfile",
+    "args": {
+      "QEMU_VERSION": "7.0.0",
+      "DEBIAN_FRONTEND": "noninteractive",
+      "GDB_VERSION": "14.1"
+    }
+  },
+  "postCreateCommand": "rustup show",
+  "customizations": {
+    "vscode": {
+      "extensions": [
+        "rust-lang.rust-analyzer",
+        "ms-vscode.cpptools",
+        "tamasfe.even-better-toml"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/doc-and-test.yml b/.github/workflows/doc-and-test.yml
index b1ea980..f4027c2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/doc-and-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/doc-and-test.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ on: [push]
 
 env:
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-  rust_toolchain: nightly-2023-10-09
+  rust_toolchain: nightly-2024-01-18
 
 jobs:
   build-doc:
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 852c161..45fffb0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 .*/*
 !.github/*
 !.vscode/settings.json
+!.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
 
 **/target/
 **/Cargo.lock
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index acc2c45..b9bf31b 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
 
-# Stage 1 Set up QEMU RISC-V
+# Stage 1 Build QEMU
 # - https://www.qemu.org/download/
 # - https://wiki.qemu.org/Hosts/Linux#Building_QEMU_for_Linux
 # - https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Platforms/RISCV
@@ -20,30 +20,34 @@ RUN wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-${QEMU_VERSION}.tar.xz && \
     make -j$(nproc) && \
     make install
 
-# Stage 2 Lab Environment
+# Stage 2 Set Lab Environment
 FROM ubuntu:20.04 as build
 
 WORKDIR /tmp
 
-# 0. Install general tools
+# 2.0. Install general tools
 RUN sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \ 
     apt-get update && \
     DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y jq curl git python3 wget build-essential \
     # qemu dependency
-    libglib2.0-0 libfdt1 libpixman-1-0 zlib1g
+    libglib2.0-0 libfdt1 libpixman-1-0 zlib1g \
+    # gdb
+    gdb-multiarch
 
-# 1. Copy qemu
+# 2.1. Copy qemu
 COPY --from=build_qemu /usr/local/bin/* /usr/local/bin
 
-# 2. Install Rust
+# 2.2. Install Rust
 # - https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install
 ENV RUSTUP_HOME=/usr/local/rustup \
     CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo \
-    PATH=/usr/local/cargo/bin:$PATH
+    PATH=/usr/local/cargo/bin:$PATH \
+    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static \
+    RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup 
 RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | \
     sh -s -- -y --no-modify-path --profile minimal --default-toolchain nightly
 
-# 3. Build env for labs
+# 2.3. Build env for labs
 # See os/Makefile `env:` for example.
 # This avoids having to wait for these steps each time using a new container.
 COPY rust-toolchain.toml rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -54,10 +58,14 @@ RUN rustup target add riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf && \
     rustup install $RUST_VERSION && \
     rustup component add --toolchain $RUST_VERSION $Components
 
+# 2.4. Set GDB
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/gdb-multiarch /usr/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb
+
 # Stage 3 Sanity checking
 FROM build as test
 RUN qemu-system-riscv64 --version && \
     qemu-riscv64 --version && \
     rustup --version && \
     cargo --version && \
-    rustc --version
\ No newline at end of file
+    rustc --version && \
+    riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb --version
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/os/src/boards/qemu.rs b/os/src/boards/qemu.rs
index 35ac031..5daf541 100644
--- a/os/src/boards/qemu.rs
+++ b/os/src/boards/qemu.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub const CLOCK_FREQ: usize = 12500000;
+pub const MEMORY_END: usize = 0x8800_0000;
 
 pub const MMIO: &[(usize, usize)] = &[
     (0x0010_0000, 0x00_2000), // VIRT_TEST/RTC  in virt machine
diff --git a/os/src/config.rs b/os/src/config.rs
index 8f8b709..d9b9b71 100644
--- a/os/src/config.rs
+++ b/os/src/config.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 pub const USER_STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096 * 2;
 pub const KERNEL_STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096 * 2;
 pub const KERNEL_HEAP_SIZE: usize = 0x100_0000;
-pub const MEMORY_END: usize = 0x88000000;
 pub const PAGE_SIZE: usize = 0x1000;
 pub const PAGE_SIZE_BITS: usize = 0xc;
 
 pub const TRAMPOLINE: usize = usize::MAX - PAGE_SIZE + 1;
 pub const TRAP_CONTEXT_BASE: usize = TRAMPOLINE - PAGE_SIZE;
 
-pub use crate::board::{CLOCK_FREQ, MMIO};
+pub use crate::board::{CLOCK_FREQ, MEMORY_END, MMIO};
diff --git a/os/src/drivers/mod.rs b/os/src/drivers/mod.rs
index e16c51e..605397d 100644
--- a/os/src/drivers/mod.rs
+++ b/os/src/drivers/mod.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ pub mod plic;
 
 pub use block::BLOCK_DEVICE;
 pub use bus::*;
-pub use chardev::UART;
 pub use gpu::*;
 pub use input::*;
 pub use net::*;
diff --git a/os/src/fs/mod.rs b/os/src/fs/mod.rs
index 221d68b..cbde739 100644
--- a/os/src/fs/mod.rs
+++ b/os/src/fs/mod.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ pub trait File: Send + Sync {
     fn write(&self, buf: UserBuffer) -> usize;
 }
 
-pub use inode::{list_apps, open_file, OSInode, OpenFlags, ROOT_INODE};
-pub use pipe::{make_pipe, Pipe};
+pub use inode::{list_apps, open_file, OpenFlags};
+pub use pipe::make_pipe;
 pub use stdio::{Stdin, Stdout};
diff --git a/os/src/mm/mod.rs b/os/src/mm/mod.rs
index 574cea0..642d0b7 100644
--- a/os/src/mm/mod.rs
+++ b/os/src/mm/mod.rs
@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ mod page_table;
 pub use address::VPNRange;
 pub use address::{PhysAddr, PhysPageNum, StepByOne, VirtAddr, VirtPageNum};
 pub use frame_allocator::{frame_alloc, frame_alloc_more, frame_dealloc, FrameTracker};
-pub use memory_set::remap_test;
 pub use memory_set::{kernel_token, MapArea, MapPermission, MapType, MemorySet, KERNEL_SPACE};
 use page_table::PTEFlags;
 pub use page_table::{
     translated_byte_buffer, translated_ref, translated_refmut, translated_str, PageTable,
-    PageTableEntry, UserBuffer, UserBufferIterator,
+    PageTableEntry, UserBuffer,
 };
 
 pub fn init() {
diff --git a/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust-toolchain.toml
index 732feea..8193d6f 100644
--- a/rust-toolchain.toml
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [toolchain]
 profile = "minimal"
 # use the nightly version of the last stable toolchain, see <https://forge.rust-lang.org/>
-channel = "nightly-2023-10-09"
+channel = "nightly-2024-01-18"
 components = ["rust-src", "llvm-tools", "rustfmt", "clippy"]
+targets = ["riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder.rs b/user/src/bin/adder.rs
index d1addf1..1cdce95 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid};
 
 static mut A: usize = 0;
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 16;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder_atomic.rs b/user/src/bin/adder_atomic.rs
index 8fb5639..5e216c6 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder_atomic.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder_atomic.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid, yield_};
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 16;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_blocking.rs b/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_blocking.rs
index 79bb3c3..7fcb80b 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_blocking.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_blocking.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid};
 use user_lib::{mutex_blocking_create, mutex_lock, mutex_unlock};
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 16;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_spin.rs b/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_spin.rs
index 315a338..f5750af 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_spin.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder_mutex_spin.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid};
 use user_lib::{mutex_create, mutex_lock, mutex_unlock};
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 16;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_spin.rs b/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_spin.rs
index 35fd0d3..44e8096 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_spin.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_spin.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use core::sync::atomic::{compiler_fence, Ordering};
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid};
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 2;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ unsafe fn lock(id: usize) {
     // Otherwise the compiler will assume that they will never
     // be changed on this thread. Thus, they will be accessed
     // only once!
-    while vload!(&FLAG[j]) && vload!(&TURN) == j {}
+    while vload!(FLAG[j]) && vload!(TURN) == j {}
 }
 
 unsafe fn unlock(id: usize) {
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_yield.rs b/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_yield.rs
index 7b905e3..b25adf6 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_yield.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder_peterson_yield.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,16 @@
 
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use core::sync::atomic::{compiler_fence, Ordering};
+use core::{
+    ptr::addr_of_mut,
+    sync::atomic::{compiler_fence, Ordering},
+};
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid, yield_};
 
 static mut A: usize = 0;
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 2;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder_simple_spin.rs b/user/src/bin/adder_simple_spin.rs
index ad5b328..be99d28 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder_simple_spin.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder_simple_spin.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid};
 
 static mut A: usize = 0;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 16;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
 }
 
 unsafe fn lock() {
-    while vload!(&OCCUPIED) {}
+    while vload!(OCCUPIED) {}
     OCCUPIED = true;
 }
 
diff --git a/user/src/bin/adder_simple_yield.rs b/user/src/bin/adder_simple_yield.rs
index 355b401..2de7924 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/adder_simple_yield.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/adder_simple_yield.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate user_lib;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid, yield_};
 
 static mut A: usize = 0;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT_DEFAULT: usize = 16;
 static mut PER_THREAD: usize = 0;
 
 unsafe fn critical_section(t: &mut usize) {
-    let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+    let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
     let cur = a.read_volatile();
     for _ in 0..500 {
         *t = (*t) * (*t) % 10007;
diff --git a/user/src/bin/eisenberg.rs b/user/src/bin/eisenberg.rs
index 5f5b309..49a1d45 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/eisenberg.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/eisenberg.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate user_lib;
@@ -8,7 +7,9 @@ extern crate alloc;
 extern crate core;
 
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use core::{
+    sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering},
+};
 use user_lib::{exit, sleep, thread_create, waittid};
 
 const N: usize = 2;
@@ -38,19 +39,19 @@ fn critical_test_exit() {
     assert_eq!(GUARD.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
 }
 
-fn eisenberg_enter_critical(id: usize) {
+unsafe fn eisenberg_enter_critical(id: usize) {
     /* announce that we want to enter */
     loop {
         println!("Thread[{}] try enter", id);
-        vstore!(&FLAG[id], FlagState::Want);
+        vstore!(FLAG[id], FlagState::Want);
         loop {
             /* check if any with higher priority is `Want` or `In` */
             let mut prior_thread: Option<usize> = None;
-            let turn = vload!(&TURN);
+            let turn = vload!(TURN);
             let ring_id = if id < turn { id + THREAD_NUM } else { id };
             // FLAG.iter() may lead to some errors, use for-loop instead
             for i in turn..ring_id {
-                if vload!(&FLAG[i % THREAD_NUM]) != FlagState::Out {
+                if vload!(FLAG[i % THREAD_NUM]) != FlagState::Out {
                     prior_thread = Some(i % THREAD_NUM);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -66,13 +67,13 @@ fn eisenberg_enter_critical(id: usize) {
             sleep(1);
         }
         /* now tentatively claim the resource */
-        vstore!(&FLAG[id], FlagState::In);
+        vstore!(FLAG[id], FlagState::In);
         /* enforce the order of `claim` and `conflict check`*/
         memory_fence!();
         /* check if anthor thread is also `In`, which imply a conflict*/
         let mut conflict = false;
         for i in 0..THREAD_NUM {
-            if i != id && vload!(&FLAG[i]) == FlagState::In {
+            if i != id && vload!(FLAG[i]) == FlagState::In {
                 conflict = true;
             }
         }
@@ -83,28 +84,28 @@ fn eisenberg_enter_critical(id: usize) {
         /* no need to sleep */
     }
     /* clain the trun */
-    vstore!(&TURN, id);
+    vstore!(TURN, id);
     println!("Thread[{}] enter", id);
 }
 
-fn eisenberg_exit_critical(id: usize) {
+unsafe fn eisenberg_exit_critical(id: usize) {
     /* find next one who wants to enter and give the turn to it*/
     let mut next = id;
     let ring_id = id + THREAD_NUM;
     for i in (id + 1)..ring_id {
         let idx = i % THREAD_NUM;
-        if vload!(&FLAG[idx]) == FlagState::Want {
+        if vload!(FLAG[idx]) == FlagState::Want {
             next = idx;
             break;
         }
     }
-    vstore!(&TURN, next);
+    vstore!(TURN, next);
     /* All done */
-    vstore!(&FLAG[id], FlagState::Out);
+    vstore!(FLAG[id], FlagState::Out);
     println!("Thread[{}] exit, give turn to {}", id, next);
 }
 
-pub fn thread_fn(id: usize) -> ! {
+pub unsafe fn thread_fn(id: usize) -> ! {
     println!("Thread[{}] init.", id);
     for _ in 0..N {
         eisenberg_enter_critical(id);
diff --git a/user/src/bin/peterson.rs b/user/src/bin/peterson.rs
index ee8ff93..e03e2a4 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/peterson.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/peterson.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate user_lib;
@@ -28,12 +27,12 @@ fn critical_test_exit() {
     assert_eq!(GUARD.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
 }
 
-fn peterson_enter_critical(id: usize, peer_id: usize) {
+unsafe fn peterson_enter_critical(id: usize, peer_id: usize) {
     // println!("Thread[{}] try enter", id);
-    vstore!(&FLAG[id], true);
-    vstore!(&TURN, peer_id);
+    vstore!(FLAG[id], true);
+    vstore!(TURN, peer_id);
     memory_fence!();
-    while vload!(&FLAG[peer_id]) && vload!(&TURN) == peer_id {
+    while vload!(FLAG[peer_id]) && vload!(TURN) == peer_id {
         // println!("Thread[{}] enter fail", id);
         sleep(1);
         // println!("Thread[{}] retry enter", id);
@@ -41,12 +40,12 @@ fn peterson_enter_critical(id: usize, peer_id: usize) {
     // println!("Thread[{}] enter", id);
 }
 
-fn peterson_exit_critical(id: usize) {
-    vstore!(&FLAG[id], false);
+unsafe fn peterson_exit_critical(id: usize) {
+    vstore!(FLAG[id], false);
     // println!("Thread[{}] exit", id);
 }
 
-pub fn thread_fn(id: usize) -> ! {
+pub unsafe fn thread_fn(id: usize) -> ! {
     // println!("Thread[{}] init.", id);
     let peer_id: usize = id ^ 1;
     for iter in 0..N {
diff --git a/user/src/bin/race_adder_arg.rs b/user/src/bin/race_adder_arg.rs
index ba99b62..f33c660 100644
--- a/user/src/bin/race_adder_arg.rs
+++ b/user/src/bin/race_adder_arg.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ extern crate alloc;
 
 use crate::alloc::string::ToString;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use user_lib::{exit, get_time, thread_create, waittid};
 
 static mut A: usize = 0;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ const THREAD_COUNT: usize = 16;
 unsafe fn f(count: usize) -> ! {
     let mut t = 2usize;
     for _ in 0..PER_THREAD {
-        let a = &mut A as *mut usize;
+        let a = addr_of_mut!(A);
         let cur = a.read_volatile();
         for _ in 0..count {
             t = t * t % 10007;
diff --git a/user/src/lib.rs b/user/src/lib.rs
index bda0e8b..8c709fc 100644
--- a/user/src/lib.rs
+++ b/user/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #![feature(linkage)]
 #![feature(panic_info_message)]
 #![feature(alloc_error_handler)]
-#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 pub mod console;
@@ -71,15 +70,17 @@ fn main(_argc: usize, _argv: &[&str]) -> i32 {
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! vstore {
-    ($var_ref: expr, $value: expr) => {
-        unsafe { core::intrinsics::volatile_store($var_ref as *const _ as _, $value) }
+    ($var: expr, $value: expr) => {
+        // unsafe { core::intrinsics::volatile_store($var_ref as *const _ as _, $value) }
+        unsafe { core::ptr::write_volatile(core::ptr::addr_of_mut!($var), $value); }
     };
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! vload {
-    ($var_ref: expr) => {
-        unsafe { core::intrinsics::volatile_load($var_ref as *const _ as _) }
+    ($var: expr) => {
+        // unsafe { core::intrinsics::volatile_load($var_ref as *const _ as _) }
+        unsafe { core::ptr::read_volatile(core::ptr::addr_of!($var)) }
     };
 }